Intraspecific Variation of Ploidy Levels and Chloroplast Haplotype within Helwingia japonica (Helwingiaceae) in Japan

Tetsuo Ohi-Toma, Katsuhisa Ichinose, Kana Watanabe-Toma, Hiroshi Ikeda, Jin Murata

doi:10.51033/jjapbot.92_6_10825

We report a high degree of intraspecific variation of ploidy levels and chloroplast haplotype within Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) F. Dietr. (Helwingiaceae) in Japan. In the flow cytometric analysis, diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid plants were detected. In chloroplast psbA-trnH analysis, 22 haplotypes were distinguished. Based on the combination of ploidy level and haplotype, 32 types of intraspecific variation were distinguished. Helwingia japonica subsp. japonica var. japonica includes a ploidy series of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid. It is noteworthy that plants of var. japonica in Hokkaido and Tohoku region are uniformly diploid, while some of var. japonica in west Japan are tetraploid. The distributional ranges of the ploidy levels of subsp. japonica in Japan seem to be roughly segregated, and only three sympatric populations that show two different ploidy levels were found. Considering the distributional range, the haplotype connection in the network, and the haplotype sharing among ploidy levels, one major haplotype has contributed to polyploidization in west Japan. Most polyploids might have been derived from the diversification from polyploids with the major haplotype rather than multiple polyploidzations from different diploids.

Intraspecific Variation of Ploidy Levels and Chloroplast Haplotype within <i>Helwingia japonica</i> (<i>Helwingiaceae</i>) in Japan

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