Congenital Hydronephrosis

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  • Yonekura Takeo
    Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center （Current） Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nara Hospital, Kindai University （Previous）

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  • 先天性水腎症（congenital hydronephrosis）

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<p> Congenital hydronephrosis is a congenital dilatation of the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, renal calix, and ureter, due to developmental abnormalities of the urinary tract；in recent years, many asymptomatic cases have been detected by fetal and neonatal ultrasound screening tests. Congenital hydronephrosis has a broad spectrum, ranging from spontaneous resolution to conversely progressive renal damage, and it is necessary to provide the medical management according to pathophysiology of the diseases.</p><p> First, a general overview is given of the pathology, symptoms, diagnostic imaging and key points of treatment from the fetal period to infancy, in accordance with the treatment algorithm in the medical management guide of Congenital Hydronephrosis in Children published by the Japanese Society of Pediatric Urology. It then describes the etiology, definition, classification, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, long-term course, and management of congenital hydronephrosis, including ureteropelvic junction obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, ureterovesical junction obstruction, ureterocele, ectopic ureter, and lower urethral tract obstruction.</p>

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