Time–Series Responses in Behaviors of Male Zebrafish to Short–Term Cetylpyridinium Chloride Exposure

DOI IR (HANDLE) Open Access
  • LIU Lei
    Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University
  • CHEN Chen
    Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University
  • CHEN Kun
    Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University
  • SHI Yanhong
    Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University
  • QIU Xuchun
    Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology
  • SHIMASAKI Yohei
    Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • OSHIMA Yuji
    Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University

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Description

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a cationic surfactant that has been widely used in pharmaceutical and personal care products. Due to its widespread use, high CPC residues have been widely detected in surface waters, but knowledge of its toxicity to fish remains scarce. Therefore, this study exposed adult male zebrafish to CPC (0, 40, and 80 μg/L) for 96 h, then transferred them into CPC–free water to recover for 168 h. Time–Series variations in behavioral traits of zebrafish and neurotransmitter levels in their eyes were investigated. The behavioral assay showed that the 96–h CPC exposure significantly altered the locomotor activity and exploratory behavior, while the subsequent 168–h recovery treatment still could not completely eliminate these adverse effects. The short–term CPC exposure also induced persistent effects on the levels of serotonin (5–HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) in the eyes of zebrafish. Correlation analysis revealed that those neurotransmitters might play important roles in mediating the time–series behavioral response to CPC. Our findings demonstrated that CPC exposure could cause persistent abnormal behavior in zebrafish via disturbing neurotransmitters in their eyes, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, and thus highlighted the necessity for further assessing its potential risks to aquatic ecosystems.

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