Associations of Food Modification for Swallowing, Oral Health-related Quality of Life, and Dysphagia-related Symptoms among Elderly People Admitted to a Fee-paying Nursing Home with Long-term Care

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  • YOSHITAKE Akari
    Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Tokuyama Central Hospital
  • MATSUDA Yuhei
    Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
  • FUJII Wataru
    Unit of Interdisciplinary Promotion, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University
  • AKIFUSA Sumio
    Unit of Interdisciplinary Promotion, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University
  • SUZUKAMO Yoshimi
    Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • NISHIMURA Rumi
    Department of Oral Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
  • MURAKI Yukoh
    Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Tokuyama Central Hospital
  • NAITO Mariko
    Department of Oral Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University

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Other Title
  • 介護付有料老人ホーム入所高齢者における食事形態，摂食嚥下障害関連症状および口腔関連QOL に関する検討
  • カイゴツキ ユウリョウ ロウジンホーム ニュウショ コウレイシャ ニ オケル ショクジ ケイタイ,セッショクエンカ ショウガイ カンレン ショウジョウ オヨビ コウコウ カンレン QOL ニ カンスル ケントウ

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Abstract

<p>　Aim:　Dietary support is important for institutionalized older adults. However, few studies have examined the relationship between daily meals and patient-reported outcomes in institutionalized older adults. We cross-sectionally evaluated the association between diet and dysphagia-related symptoms and oral health-related quality of life (QOL) among elderly people admitted to a fee-paying nursing home with longterm care.</p><p>　Methods:　A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2016 among 102 elderly people admitted to a feepaying nursing home with long-term care (33 men and 69 women) aged 60 years or older in Kitakyushu City. Information on nutritional intake and health status was collected from the staff of the nursing homes. Subjects who did not need any adjustment to their diet were classified as the no-adjustment group, those who were eating rice and soft dishes were classified as the adjustment-required group 1, and those who needed further adjustment to their diet as adjustment-required group 2. The frequency of dysphagiarelated symptoms in the past week was assessed by self-rating on a 5-point scale. QOL was assessed using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) as an oral health-related QOL scale. The odds ratio (OR) of a GOHAI score below the national norm (＜53.1) was calculated across the dietary groups by logistic regression analysis, adjusting for sex, age, and other potential confounding factors. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the symptoms and dietary groups.</p><p>　Results:　Overall, 73% of the subjects did not require dietary adjustment and 21% and 7% were classified into adjustment-required group 1 and 2, respectively. Of the subjects, 44% reported aGOHAI score below the national norm. There was no significant association between diet and GOHAI score. Compared to the no-adjustment group, the groups who required adjustment to their diet had a lower rate of answering “rarely or not at all” for drooling.</p><p>　Conclusion:　Elderly people admitted to a fee-paying nursing home with long-term care who required dietary adjustment were more likely to have subjective symptoms of drooling. There was no significant association between diet and oral-health-related QOL.</p>

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