Sequelae of long COVID, known and unknown: A review of updated information
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- Asakawa Tetsuya
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Cai Qingxian
- Department of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Shen Jiayin
- Department of Science and Education, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Zhang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Li Yongshuang
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Chen Peifen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Luo Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Zhang Jiangguo
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Zhou Jinfeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Zeng Hui
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Weng Ruihui
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Hu Feng
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Feng Huiquan
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Chen Jun
- Department of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Huang Jie
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Zhang Xiaoyin
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Zhao Yu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Fang Liekui
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Yang Rongqing
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Huang Jia
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Wang Fuxiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Liu Yingxia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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- Lu Hongzhou
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
Abstract
<p>Over three years have passed since the COVID-19 pandemic started. The dangerousness and impact of COVID-19 should definitely not be ignored or underestimated. Other than the symptoms of acute infection, the long-term symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, which are referred to here as "sequelae of long COVID (LC)", are also a conspicuous global public health concern. Although such sequelae were well-documented, the understanding of and insights regarding LC-related sequelae remain inadequate due to the limitations of previous studies (the follow-up, methodological flaws, heterogeneity among studies, etc.). Notably, robust evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of certain LC sequelae remain insufficient and has been a stumbling block to better management of these patients. This awkward situation motivated us to conduct this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the updated information, particularly focusing on clinical issues. We attempt to provide the latest information regarding LC-related sequelae by systematically reviewing the involvement of main organ systems. We also propose paths for future exploration based on available knowledge and the authors' clinical experience. We believe that these take-home messages will be helpful to gain insights into LC and ultimately benefit clinical practice in treating LC-related sequelae.</p>
Journal
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- BioScience Trends
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BioScience Trends 17 (2), 85-116, 2023-04-30
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement