Runoff Mechanism in the Source Basin of the Snowy Mountains Consisting of the Hida Metamorphic Rock

Aiura Hideharu, Zushi Kotaro

doi:10.4005/jjfs.105.225

<p>A survey was conducted to clarify the runoff mechanism of four small basins based on a Hida metamorphic rock, which are located in the heavy snow mountains in the southwestern part of Toyama Prefecture. A Hida metamorphic rock is characterized by metamorphic rocks containing a large amount of calcareous gneiss. The runoff consists mainly of rainwater and snowmelt water that has passed through the surface soil and groundwater that has passed through the shallow or deep layer of bedrock. The runoff characteristics of each small basin differed depending on the combination of each component of the runoff. In the basin containing spring water from shallow and deep bedrock layers in its upper/middle and lower parts, respectively, the electrical conductivity during the basal runoff increases, except during the snowmelt season, and the spring water from the shallow bedrock decreases faster than that from the deep bedrock. In the basin consisting of water passing through the surface soil and groundwater from deep bedrock, the electrical conductivity during the base runoff was stable at a large value. When compared with other geological basins, a small ratio of direct runoff to precipitation was observed in every basin during the rainfall events, showing a very large maximum water-holding capacity. Therefore, the basin based on the Hida metamorphic rock exhibits rapid vertical permeation of rain and meltwater, which is then stored as bedrock groundwater and runoff.</p>

Runoff Mechanism in the Source Basin of the Snowy Mountains Consisting of the Hida Metamorphic Rock

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