Reactive Sulfur Species Produced by Cystathionine γ-lyase Function in the Establishment of Mesorhizobium loti-Lotus japonicus Symbiosis

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  • Fukudome Mitsutaka
    Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology
  • Ishizaki Haruka
    Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
  • Shimokawa Yuta
    Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
  • Mori Tomoko
    Trans-Omics Facility, Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology
  • Uchi-Fukudome Nahoko
    Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
  • Umnajkitikorn Kamolchanok
    School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology
  • Murakami Ei-ichi
    Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology Nihon Pall Ltd. Scientific and Laboratory Service
  • Uchiumi Toshiki
    Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
  • Kawaguchi Masayoshi
    Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology

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  • Reactive Sulfur Species Produced by Cystathionine γ-lyase Function in the Establishment of <i>Mesorhizobium loti</i>–<i>Lotus japonicus</i> Symbiosis

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<p>Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are present in root nodules; however, their role in symbiosis and the mechanisms underlying their production remain unclear. We herein investigated whether RSS produced by the cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) of microsymbionts are involved in root nodule symbiosis. A cse mutant of Mesorhizobium loti exhibited the decreased production of hydrogen sulfide and other RSS. Although the CSE mutation of M. loti did not affect the early stages of symbiosis, i.e., infection and nodulation, with Lotus japonicus, it reduced the nitrogenase activity of nodules and induced their early senescence. Additionally, changes in the production of sulfur compounds and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in the infected cells of nodules induced by the cse mutants. The effects of CSE inhibitors in the L. japonicus rhizosphere on symbiosis with M. loti were also investigated. All three CSE inhibitors suppressed infection and nodulation by M. loti concomitant with decreased RSS levels and increased ROS and nitric oxide levels. Therefore, RSS derived from the CSE activity of both the microsymbiont and host plant are required for symbiosis, but function at different stages of symbiosis, possibly with crosstalk with other reactive mole­cular species.</p>

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