<i>Sasa veitchii</i> extracts protect all-trans retinoic acid-induced cell proliferation inhibition in cultured human palate cells through suppression of miR-4680-3p

<p>Background: Cleft palate (CP) is the second most common birth defect in humans worldwide. Previous studies have identified gene mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and teratogens in CP. In addition to genetic mutations, genetic background (e.g. ethnicity, population of origin, and gender), substantially influences CP prevalence. Maternal age, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies are known, or strongly suspected, experimental risk factors for CP. Therefore, the etiology of CP is complex, and its risk factors are still being elucidated. Folic acid is known to decrease the risk of CP. Although dietary intake of folic acid is first choice to prevent CP, searching the alternative method is also important for the patients such as folic acid metabolism anomaly. In the present study, we examined the protective effects of Sasa vetichii extract (SE) in all trans-retinoic acid (atRA)-induced cell proliferation inhibition in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells (HEPM cells). </p><p>Results and Discussion: We demonstrated that atRA induced cell proliferation inhibition in a dose dependent manner in HEPM cells. We found that SE did not affect cell proliferation. Co-treatment with SE restored atRA-induced toxicity. Furthermore, we found that atRA-induced miR-4680-3p and co-treatment with SE downregulated miR-4680-3p. Additionally, downstream gene (ERBB2 and JADE1) of miR-4680-3p was potentiated by co-treatment with SE. These results suggested that SE protected atRA-induced cell proliferation inhibition by modulating miR-4680-3p</p>