Mechanism and Intervention of Biological Aging: A Perspective from Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Turnover of Proteins

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  • Goto Sataro
    Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University

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  • 生物学的老化のメカニズムと介入：タンパク質の酸化修飾と代謝回転からの視点

Abstract

<p>Extension of healthy life span is a serious concern shared by industrialized countries where the percentage of elderly people has been steadily increasing. To cope with this situation investigations on biological aging should be valued in the long run because development of diseases in elderly people is more or less based upon biological changes in a body associated with aging. I describe age-related changes of proteins and protein turnover as a mechanism of biological aging with special reference to oxidative stress that is an inevitable consequence of life maintenance processes. Oxidatively modified proteins were demonstrated to increase with advancing age and the half-life of proteins was extended in old animals. I also show experimental evidence for beneficial effects of dietary restriction and regular physical exercise in old age. Dietary restriction shortened the half-life of proteins, reducing the level of the altered proteins in old animals. Regular exercise reduced the oxidatively modified proteins in the brain with improved cognitive functions. It atenuated oxidative stress in the liver. These findings suggest that regular exercise has systemic efects in reducing oxidative stress contrary to what has been believed. Thus, life-styles such as diet and exercise may be superior to so called anti-aging medicine that often uses chemicals such as antioxiants and hormones with potentially adverse consequences.</p>

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