Kiichiro Koe’s proposals for educational reform in the New Education movement: Focus on ‘independent learning’ and the idea of women’s education, 1920-1931.

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  • 新教育運動期における公江喜市郎の教育改革への提言 ―「自学主義」と女子教育思想に焦点をあてて―

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Abstract

Kiichiro Koe（ 1897-1981）, the founder of Mukogawa Womenʼs University, was a teacher of Mikage Normal School in Kobe, 1920-26, a Hyogo Prefectural Inspector, 1926-1932. This paper reviews his essays on ʻindependent learningʼ and womenʼs education, examining his views. I reveal that:（ a） he insisted the need to examine philosophical origins and values of ʻindependent learningʼ in detail;（ b） intending to inspire teachers, he entrusted them with confirming ʻfundamentals of the educational spiritʼ from the perspective of a ʻwill to lifeʼ, and hoped for the reform potential of that movement;（ c） he considered the attributes of women as human, national, and female, in that order, criticised the narrowly defined ʻgood wife and wise motherʼ principle, and insisted on womenʼs awareness of their calling and having opportunities beyond secondary education; and（ d） sent by Hyogo prefecture in 1931, he was inspired and encouraged by the project of Giulia Civita Franceschi, with her ʻeducation-spiritʼ, a female pioneer who directed the ship ʻCaraccioloʼ as a Fisherman and Young Marinersʼ school in Naples. Koeʼs proposals for educational reform are summarised as a call for teachers to be aware of their mission, an ʻeducation-spiritʼ towards common aims and humanitarian values, to engage in educational research and to expand educational opportunities for women.

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