Structure and function of the pyrenoid in marine diatoms

  • Matsui Hiroaki
    Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University
  • Matsuda Yusuke
    Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • 海洋性珪藻のピレノイド構造とその機能

Abstract

<p>Pyrenoid is a protein body in the chloroplast that sequestrates ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), a CO2 fixing enzyme. The pyrenoid occurs in many algae and a part of hornworts, but the structure does not have membrane and has not been considered as a decisive organelle, thus the detailed function has not been studied well to date. Recent studies demonstrated that green algal pyrenoid in Chlamydomonas is a liquid-liquid phase separation constituted by a natural disorder protein, EPYC1. On the contrary, marine photosynthesis that plays an enormous role as the global gas-exchange system is also sustained by the pyrenoid-based systems. The marine photoautotrophs, such as diatoms, primarily comprise of red-type secondary chloroplast, whose pyrenoid structure is dissimilar to that of green type. Even though these pyrenoids are the products of hetero-origin convergent evolution, recent studies however reveal structural/functional similarity amongst different pyrenoids. For instance, the pyrenoids in the CCM-operating algae have thylakoid-like membrane which penetrates/invaginates the pyrenoid. This may suggest that algae faced to the low CO2 environment after the Carboniferous were forced to optimize the usage of light and CO2 supply into some structural/functional frames with few options. This review will describe implications of the pyrenoid structures from some common aspects observed in the diatom pyrenoid.</p>

Journal

  • PLANT MORPHOLOGY

    PLANT MORPHOLOGY 35 (1), 29-33, 2023

    The Japanese Society of Plant Morphology

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