Physical response in special environments

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This review comprehensively examines the physiological effects of special environments such as microgravity (μg), hypoxia (hypobaric hypoxic environment), and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the human body, and proposes new research possibilities. It focuses on the changes that special environments have on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, and discusses how these findings can be applied to space exploration and maintaining health on Earth. In microgravity environments, there have been reports of serious risks such as myocardial atrophy, decreased bone density, and accelerated arteriosclerosis. On the other hand, while HBO environments are expected to have therapeutic effects due to increased oxygen supply, they also carry risks such as oxygen toxicity and oxidative stress. In addition, appropriate physical exercise and the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may mitigate or improve the effects on the body in these environments. This paper shows that the development of health maintenance and adaptation strategies through the integration of physical exercise, nutritional intake, and environmental control in special environments can contribute not only to space medicine, but also to the prevention of chronic diseases and ageing on Earth, as well as to improving athletic performance. We hope that this review will promote interdisciplinary research and provide a foundation for solving future problems.

Journal

  • 健康科学

    健康科学 47 33-56, 2025-03-20

    九州大学健康科学編集委員会

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