Necessity of Perspective of ‘Diverse Economies’ and Emotion in Geographical Studies about Welfare Services:

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  • 福祉サービスの地理学における「多様な経済」と感情への着目の必要性
  • 福祉サービスの地理学における「多様な経済」と感情への着目の必要性 : 日本における保育・介護サービスを中心に
  • フクシ サービス ノ チリガク ニ オケル 「 タヨウ ナ ケイザイ 」 ト カンジョウ エ ノ チャクモク ノ ヒツヨウセイ : ニホン ニ オケル ホイク ・ カイゴサービス オ チュウシン ニ
  • Focusing on Care Services for Childcare and Elderly Care in Japan
  • ―日本における保育・介護サービスを中心に―

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Abstract

<p>    This paper emphasizes the importance of considering “diverse economies”, including informal spheres of care service, and the emotional aspect in geographical studies about welfare services, focusing on childcare and elderly care. Care service is organized in a system consisting of local industry, labor market, and family, and the location of care labor in the system has been changed with the economic system and welfare state. According to the context of spatial organization theory, welfare state theory, and the total social organization of labor approach, the “post-20th century system” and welfare policy under neo-liberalism has increased the importance of a perspective of the diverse economics of childcare. In order to advance geographical studies focusing on the informal sphere in the diverse economics of childcare, the author referred to “Geographies of Care”, emotional labor, and labor transfer. From the perspective of Geographies of Care, it is necessary for researchers to broaden their perspectives into the local and spatial organization of a broad understanding of care which has been changed with economic systems, and care labor in the global care chain. Geographical studies of care labor has found regional differences in the supply and demand of care labor, in particular, the mobility of labor into metropolitan areas from the marginal areas of Japan. What remains to be seen is geographical studies focusing on the subjectivity of care labor. In addition, from the viewpoint of emotional labor and labor transfer, for the sustainability and viability of care service, it is necessary to regard both care-givers and care-takers not as collective numbers but as agencies with subjectivity, emotion and relationships. In light of the foregoing, the author proposed introducing the frameworks and theories of “care space” and “third space” into the geographical studies of care services.</p>

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