Humans' Temporal and Probabilistic Discounting Derived from Choice Proportions in a Choice Situation

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  • センタク バメン ニオケル センタクリツ カラ ドウシュツ サレタ ヒト ノ チエン ワリビキ ト カクリツ ワリビキ
  • 選択場面における選択率から導出されたヒトの遅延割引と確率割引

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Few studies have examined humans' temporal and probabilistic discounting in choice situations where participants experience delays and probabilities by choosing alternatives repeatedly. The present study measured temporal and probabilistic discounting for six adult humans using concurrent-chains schedules: Variable-interval schedules were arranged in the initial links, delays and probabilities of reinforcement were varied in the terminal links, and consummatory responses were required to receive points as reinforcers later exchangeable for money. Each participant was exposed to four different pairs of delays (from 2 s vs. 2 s to 2 s vs. 40 s) and probabilities (from 1.0 vs. 1.0 to 1.0 vs. .65). As a result, temporal and probabilistic discounting were well described by the matching law incorporating an exponential function as well as a hyperbolic function. Further, there was a positive correlation between temporal and probabilistic discounting rates. These findings suggest that the temporal and probabilistic discounting are the same process.

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