沈　田（Sheng Tian）：世俗化と法治の概念…『新疆ウイグル自治区過激化除去条例』第9条をいかに解読するか…

type:Bulletin

Sheng Tian,“The Concepts of Secularization and Rule of Law:Comment on Article 9 of the Radicalization Removal Ordinance of 2018in the Xinjian Uygur Autonomous Region of China”　This is a Japanese translation of “The Concepts of Secularizationand Rule of Law: Interpretation of Article 9 of the RadicalizationRemoval Ordinance of 2018 in the Xinjian Uygur Autonomous Region ofChina,” a paper by the up-and-coming Chinese legal scholar Sheng Tian(b. 1983). It must be noted that today, Chinese legal scholars are requiredto carry out research activities under the guiding principles of “thetheoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics” and “theshared identity of the Chinese people.” Sheng Tian's constitutionalinterpretation is also subject to these constraints, and it can be said thatthe subject of the paper, “Interpretation of Article 9 of the RadicalizationRemoval Ordinance of 2018 in the Xinjian Uygur Autonomous Region ofChina,” on the whole faithfully reflects these national principles.However, the paper also shows consideration for “Western” ideas abouthuman rights, and in particular ideas about “freedom of religion andfaith” are developed in line with German constitutional theory. Readingbetween the lines of this paper, so to speak, we can see wishes that theconstitution be upheld and human dignity respected.In the “Translator's Afterword” I criticize Europe's intolerant“anti-veil regulations,” which can be seen as a secularization in favor ofChristian, in light of the principles of tolerance set forth by G. Radbruch,J. Rawls, Xu Jilin, Du Gang Jian et al. I also point out the limitations of theEuropean Court of Human Rights, which has little grasp of Muslimidentity. In addition, I raise frank questions about China's ongoingimposition of intolerant “Sinicization” policies on the minority Uighurs.My hope is that this translation can contribute to Japan-China exchangein the field of legal studies.

本文译自中国宪法学界年轻一代的新锐学者沈田老师（Shen Tian）的论文─「世俗化与法治的概念：以《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》第9条的规范解读为切入点」（2017）（“The Concepts of Secularization and Rule of Law; a Standard Interpretation of Article 9 in Xinjiang De-extremism Regulation, 2017）。　俯瞰整个东亚法学界，今天的中国法学研究者要在“新时代中国特色社会主义思想”和“中华民族共同体意识”等国家指导理念之下，开展研究活动。沈田的宪法论说当然也是如此。我想正是因为这一点，本文主题“《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》第9条之解读”，就是对总体上忠实反映了这种指导理念的立法旨趣的良好说明。但与此同时，沈田的论文也详细论及“西方”人权理论，尤其是对立基于“德国宪法制度论”的“宗教自由”进行了拓展与分析，在其字里行间，我们同样可以看到作者希望实现“宪法的遵守”，“人的尊严”，“平等与正义”等等的迫切愿望。　在“译者后语”部分，笔者基于拉德布鲁赫（Radbruch, G），约翰・罗尔斯（Rawls. J），许纪霖（Xu Jilin）杜钢建（Du Gang jian）等人所提倡的“宽容论”，对欧洲基督教主流所推行的过于“世俗化”的不宽容的《面纱禁止条例》进行了批判，同时指出漠然于伊斯兰自我身份认同的“欧洲人权法院”，已经走到了自己的极限。继而，对于作为大国的中国面向仅仅是少数民族集团之一的新疆维吾尔族，推行这种不宽容的“中国化”的“法治”，也坦率地称之为“居上不宽”。若拙译能于中日法学交流有所贡献，则不胜荣幸之至。

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