A review of antidiabetic active thiosugar sulfoniums, salacinol and neokotalanol, from plants of the genus Salacia

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<jats:sec> <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>During our studies characterizing functional substances from food resources for the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases, we isolated the active constituents, salacinol (<jats:bold>1</jats:bold>) and neokotalanol (<jats:bold>4</jats:bold>), and related thiosugar sulfoniums, from the roots and stems of the genus <jats:italic>Salacia</jats:italic> plants [Celastraceae (Hippocrateaceae)] such as <jats:italic>Salacia reticulata</jats:italic> Wight, <jats:italic>S. oblonga</jats:italic> Wall., and <jats:italic>S. chinensis</jats:italic> L., and observed their antidiabetic effects. These plant materials have been used traditionally in Ayurvedic medicine as a specific remedy at the early stage of diabetes, and have been extensively consumed in Japan, the United States, and other countries as a food supplement for the prevention of obesity and diabetes. Here, we review our studies on the antidiabetic effects of plants from the genus <jats:italic>Salacia</jats:italic>, from basic chemical and pharmacological research to their application and development as new functional food ingredients.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Graphic abstract</jats:title> </jats:sec>

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