Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies: Bright and dark sides

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  • Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies Bright and dark sides

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<jats:p><jats:bold>ABSTRACT </jats:bold> Infertility is defined as a couples failure to conceive following 2 years of unprotected sexual intercourse, affects 10% of reproductive age couples in Japan. There are 3 main causes: (1) ovarian failure‐anovulation (29%); (2) tubal factor‐anatomic defects of the female genital tract (36%); (3) male factor‐abnormal spermatogenesis (31%). The goal of the infertility evaluation are to determine the probable cause of infertility regarding prognosis and to provide guidance regarding options for treatment In the event an obstruction of the fallopian tubes is discovered or spermatogenesis cannot be improved, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT) and in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) are recommended. Since the successful birth of Louise Brown by this IVF‐ET, an explosion of ART has occurred all over the world in the last decade. In this review we discuss the revolution brought about by ART focusing on results in Japan, and clarify ethical issues that must be resolved.</jats:p>

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