СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ДИМИНУТИВНЫХ СУФФИКСОВ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ И ПРЕФИКСА О-В ЯПОНСКОМ

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  • ロシア語の指小接尾辞と日本語の接頭辞「オー」の使用に関する対照研究

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In modern Russian, there are many productive diminutive suffixes that are particularly evident in ordinary colloquial language activities, in which they serve as a means of expressive communication. Modern Japanese, on the contrary, has no productive diminutive suffixes. But the meanings or nuances expressed by them in languages like Russian can be at least partially expressed by other linguistic devices. Among such devices, we focused our attention on the prefix o- and showed the similarities between the use of this Japanese prefix and Russian diminutive suffixes. In summary, coincidences between them can be explained by the existence of two functions that both affixes have in common: the expression of politeness and the expression of affection. In previous studies of the prefix o- that often regard it as completely belonging to keigo (the grammatical category of politeness), o-'s function in expressing affection has not been given importance. But it actually is important, and o-'s use to express affection is becoming more and more popular in Japanese. On the other hand, in the use of diminutive suffixes that typically serve to express affection, the importance of their function to express politeness seems to be increasing in Russian. Therefore, from the viewpoint of this paper's contrastive study, we have observed that two different types of affixes from the two different languages have widened their domain of use and approached one another to the point where they have recently acquired a close resemblance in their use.

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