Wild Yeast Populations in Fresh Grape Musts of Different Harvest Times :

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Yeast flora in freshly crushed grape musts obtained at different harvest times was studied qualitatively and quantitatively using two varieties of grape, a white variety of the Koshu and a red cariety of Muscat Bailey A, both grown in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.Total counts of yeasts varied with harvest times, vineyards, and production year; and the Koshu variety showed 10-10^5 yeast cells/ml in musts and the Muscat Bailey A variety 10^3-10^6 yeast cells/ml. Wilid yeasts isolated were divided into these six major groups : 1) apiculate yeasts, 2) Saccharomyces, 3) Torulopsis, 4) film yeasts, 5) Rhodotorula, and 6) other yeasts.The population patterns of these 6 groups did not change remarkably at the different harvest times. That is, 40-72% of apiculate yeasts, 0-18% Saccharomyces, 13-19% Torulopsis, 3-22% film yeasts, and 1-4% Rhodotorula and other yeasts. The six groups were composed of 22 species of 10 genera. It was interesting that the Saccharomyces group disappeared of the late harvest times, on November. Further, this study suggested that harvest times, mature times, and trimming of vines were important factors controlling the yeast flora of freshly crushed grape musts.

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