米中対立の背景と現状 ―対中「関与政策」の果てに―

The Nixon Republican Administration taking office in January of 1969 made a decision to normalize the relations with CCP-led China with which the U.S. had been confronted for a long time since the Korean War. As this policy meant to sever the diplomatic relations with Chiang Kai-shek-led Kuomintang regime in Taiwan which the U.S. had supported since Xinhai Revolution, public opinions inside and outside the Congress were sharply split over this new direction. But President Nixon and the Special Assistant to the President H. Kissinger pushed ahead with the policy based on the political recognitions of ①deteriorating relations between China and former Soviet Russia, ②increasing possibility of China's entry to the United Nations and ③ necessity of China's influence on North Vietnam to bring the Americanized Vietnam War to an end as soon as possible. This rapprochement with China was "China Card" for the Soviet Russia, which had the effect to force Russia to the negotiation table with the United States. 　In the United States this new policy was justified by the Engagement Policy which would make China economically grow and then politically become democratized. In January of 1979 the Carter Democratic Administration established the diplomatic relations with China, which enabled to conclude many treaties including the U.S.-China Trade Agreement. This agreement guaranteed China to export and import into/from the United States. In addition to this in December of 2001, China succeeded in participate in WTO after the United States agreed to it. Since then, China could achieve high economic growth, ascending to the second place in the world GDP in 2010. During the past 40 years the United States has suffered from the huge amount of trade deficit with China. Not only the trade deficit but also infringement of IPR by China and many other issues are now involving the two countries in serious conditions.