東大寺の『華厳経』講説　：　テキストと経疏をめぐって　（宗教と政治）

The lectures of "Kegon-gyo" at Todaiji seemed to play an important role in forming the ideological base for building Rushana Daibutsu 廬舎那大仏 at Todaiji. According to 'Todaiji Kegon Bekku Engi' 東大寺華厳別供縁起, these lectures started in Tempyo 12 (740 A.D.) when Roben invited Shinjo 審祥 (Simsang) of Daianji 大安寺 to Konshusanji 金鐘山寺. The lectures continued up to Tempyo-Shoho 3 (751) as four separate terms. Textbooks used are said to have been the sixty-fascicle Kegon Sutra "DaihOkobutsu Kegon-gyo" 「大方広仏華厳経」 translated by Budda Baddara 仏陀跋陀羅 (Buddhabhadra), and Hozo's 法蔵, "Hokekyo Tangenki" 法華経探玄記 was used as reference. Also, eightyfascicle Kegon Sutra "DaihOkobutsu Kegon-gyo" translated by Jisshananda 実叉難陀 (Shikshananda) and "Zoku Kegon Ryakusho Kanjoki" 「続華厳略疏刊定記」 by Keien 恵苑 were said to be used later. Observing the progress of copying the "Kegon-gyo" and Kyosho in the Tempyo era, both the "Sixty Kegon" 「六十華厳」 and "Eighty Kegon" 「八十華厳」 had already been brought to Japan at that time. The "Sixty Kegon" was used as a textbook first, which leads to the assumption that "Eighty Kegon" was not regarded as an important textbook. However, after Tempyo 20 (748), "Eighty Kegon" and its reference "Kanjoki" came to be frequently duplicated. "Kanjoki" appears to have been a rare book and it is thought to have been brought into Japan around this time. The importing of this "Kanjoki" aroused people's interest in the "Eighty Kegon" and expedited its understanding, thus accelerating the change from "Sixty Kegon" to "Eighty Kegon" as the textbook for "Kegon-gyo". This change also applied to the lectures of "Kegon-gyo". Three rolls of "Kanjoki" and two rolls of "Tangenki" being copied from Tempyo 20 (748) to the next year, and when five rolls were duplicated and then sent to three priests called Gonchi 厳智, Hyokei 標瓊 and Shotai 性泰. These three priests were the lecturers of "Kegon-gyo" in the third term (745-748) of the lectures. It is clear that these duplicates were used for the lectures of "Kegon-gyo" at Todaiji. In short, "Kanjoki" was actually used as a reference for the lectures in 748, differing slightly from the account given in 'Todaiji Kegon Bekku Engi'. Building of the Rushana Daibutsu was rapidly accelerated after its location was moved from Shigaraki to Heijo, the construction of T5daiji was greatly advanced, and needless to say "Kanjoki" was imported, no doubt due to the lectures of "Kegon-gyo" exerting much influence on forming an ideological base. Under these conditions the "Eighty Kegon" and "Kanjoki" were used as the preferred textbooks for the lectures at Todaiji.