The sources of phosphorus for the phosphatic rocks in the Toyoma Formation, Northeastern Japan

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The apatite in the phosphatic rocks of the Toyoma Formation is carbonate fluorapatite highly enriched in Ce and Y. The Ce and Y enrichment of the apatite suggests that the source of phosphorus is biogenic phosphate mineral debris such as fish bones, teeth and scales rather than phosphorus-bearing organic matter. The spatially and stratigraphically limited distribution of the phosphatic rocks in the formation is in accord with this view.

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