Transdiagnostic characterization of neuropsychiatric disorders by hyperexcitation-induced immaturity

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Biomarkers are needed to improve the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Promising candidates are imbalance of excitation and inhibition in the brain, and maturation abnormalities. Here, we characterized different disease conditions by mapping changes in the expression patterns of maturation-related genes whose expression was altered by experimental neural hyperexcitation in published studies. This revealed two gene expression patterns: decreases in maturity markers and increases in immaturity markers. These two groups of genes were characterized by the overrepresentation of genes related to synaptic function and chromosomal modification, respectively. We used these two groups in a transdiagnostic analysis of 80 disease datasets for eight neuropsychiatric disorders and 12 datasets from corresponding animal models, and found that transcriptomic pseudoimmaturity inducible by neural hyperexcitation is shared by multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer disorders, and ALS. Our results indicate that this endophenotype serve as a basis for transdiagnostic characterization of these disorders.</jats:p>