Differential Changes in Relative Levels of Arachidonic Acid in Major Phospholipids from Rat Tissues during the Progression of Diabetes1

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Changes in the fatty acid composition of choline glycerophospholipid (CGP) and ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EGP) in the liver, heart, kidney, testis, spleen, and brain of rats were examined at various stages of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes of prolonged duration (8 weeks) caused profound alterations in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in these tissues, the most consistent of which were a decrease in the relative level of arachidonic acid and an increase in that of linoleic acid. Although a decrease in the relative proportion of arachidonic acid in CGP was a common feature seen in all tissues after long-term diabetes, the profile of the reduction during the progress of diabetes differed among the tissues. A rapid decrease was found in the liver and plasma at an early stage of diabetes (7 days), while the reductions level of arachidonic acid in CGP of the heart, kidney, and testis appeared at a later stage of diabetes (3 weeks). CGP from the brain retained the normal amount of arachidonic acid over the first 4 weeks of diabetes and no consistent changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids were found during this time. A slight change in the level of arachidonic acid composition in CGP from the brain was found after 8 weeks of diabetes. The present study indicates that the extent of reduction in the levels of arachidonic acid of CGP in the tissues examined was dependent on the duration of diabetes in every case.

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