Poor sleep quality predicts psychotic‐like symptoms: an experience sampling study in young adults with schizotypal traits

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<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>Psychotic‐like experiences (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s) are unusual experiences such as perceptual abnormalities and delusional‐like thoughts that resemble the symptoms of psychosis at the sub‐clinical level. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s are associated with sleep complaints in healthy and clinical samples; however, evidence for day‐to‐day associations between poor sleep and subsequent <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s under naturalistic conditions is scarce. We hypothesized that poor sleep quality would predict next days’ <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s, and vice versa, daytime <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s would be associated with worse subsequent sleep quality.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>Seventy‐three university students with moderate to high levels of positive schizotypy participated in an experience sampling study. Participants rated their sleep each morning, as well as <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s and affective states during the day over 3 weeks.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Multilevel regression models indicated that poor sleep quality predicted increased <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s the following day. Poor sleep was linked to negative daytime mood that partially mediated the associations between sleep quality and next days’ <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s were enhanced in the evening as compared to daytime reports. The prediction of poor sleep quality by previous days’ <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PLE</jats:styled-content>s was negligible.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The results are consistent with the position that sleep‐related interventions might reduce the risk of psychosis, especially in individuals that tend to experience psychotic‐like phenomena and negative affect.</jats:p></jats:sec>

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