<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>equivalence for large-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math>Yang-Mills theory

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General string-theoretic considerations suggest that four-dimensional large-N gauge theories should have dual descriptions in terms of two-dimensional conformal field theories. However, for nonsupersymmetric confining theories such as pure Yang-Mills theory, a long-standing challenge has been to explicitly show that any such dual descriptions actually exist. In this paper, we consider the large-N limit of four-dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory compactified on a three-sphere in the solvable limit where the sphere radius is small compared to the strong length scale, and demonstrate that the confined-phase spectrum of this gauge theory coincides with the spectrum of an irrational two-dimensional conformal field theory.

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