3D Printing of Collagen Scaffold with Enhanced Resolution in a Citrate‐Modulated Gellan Gum Microgel Bath

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  • Zheng‐Tian Xie
    Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2‐1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
  • Jinfeng Zeng
    Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2‐1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
  • Dong‐Hee Kang
    Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2‐1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
  • Shigeyoshi Saito
    Division of Health Sciences Department of Medical Physics and Engineering Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1–7 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
  • Shigeru Miyagawa
    Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
  • Yoshiki Sawa
    Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2‐2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan
  • Michiya Matsusaki
    Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2‐1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565‐0871 Japan

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>3D printing in a microgel‐based supporting bath enables the construction of complex structures with soft and watery biomaterials but the low print resolution is usually an obstacle to its practical application in tissue engineering. Herein, high‐resolution printing of a 3D collagen organ scaffold is realized by using an engineered Gellan gum (GG) microgel bath containing trisodium citrate (TSC). The introduction of TSC into the bath system not only mitigates the aggregation of GG microgels, leading to a more homogeneous bath morphology but also suppresses the diffusion of the collagen ink in the bath due to the dehydration effect of TSC, both of which contribute to the improvement of print resolution. 3D collagen organ structures such as hand, ear, and heart are successfully constructed with high shape fidelity in the developed bath. After printing, the GG and TSC can be easily removed by washing with water, and the obtained collagen product exhibits good cell affinity in a tissue scaffold application. This work offers an easy‐to‐operate strategy for developing a microgel bath for high‐resolution printing of collagen, providing an alternative path to in vitro 3D organ construction.</jats:p>

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