Enhancement of pathogenicity of H9N2 influenza A viruses isolated from chicken in China by co-infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus paragallinarum

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Abstract H9N2 influenza viruses were isolated from the meat and bone marrow of chickens imported from China to Japan in 2001. These isolates were experimentally inoculated intranasally into specific, pathogen-free chickens. Viruses were recovered from the meat and bone marrow of the birds without any clinical signs. On the other hand, chickens co-infected with the H9N2 virus and with either Staphylococcus aureus or Haemophilus paragallinarum showed clinical signs much severer than those shown by chickens infected only with S. aureus or H. paragallinarum . Higher titers of H9N2 viruses were recovered from the chickens co-infected with S. aureus or H. paragallinarum compared with those from birds infected only with the virus. The present results indicate that co-infection with S. aureus or H. paragallinarum enhances the replication of the H9N2 virus, resulting in exacerbation of the disease.

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