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説明
See related article, pp 85–92 The article by Zamani et al1 shows a clear association between the major systemic arterial parameters vascular resistance (SVR) and total arterial compliance (TAC, inverse of arterial stiffness) and left ventricular (LV) mass and LV wall/LV cavity volume ratio (here called remodeling, for short). The forward and backward components of the central pressure (Pf and Pb) also show associations with cardiac remodeling. Otto Frank suggested the Windkessel model as a description of the entire arterial system. The 2 Windkessel parameters are SVR (mainly in the microvasculature) and TAC (in the conduit arteries, mainly the aorta). In the mid-1960s input impedance could be determined as a comprehensive description of the arterial system. However, input impedance is difficult to derive and grasp and the contributions of arterial properties such as SVR and TAC are not easily distinguished. Nevertheless, we learned from impedance information that Frank’s Windkessel closely approximates impedance when the so-called characteristic impedance (Zc, equal to ascending aortic pulse wave velocity divided by aortic area) is added as a third element.2 The pressure–flow relationship of Frank’s Windkessel falls short in systole and the addition of Zc resolves this. Thus, the arterial system, although being a complicated tube system with traveling waves of pressures and flows, can be described in terms of SVR and TAC, with preferably Zc added. …
収録刊行物
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- Hypertension
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Hypertension 65 29-30, 2015-01-01
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)