Shinya Yamanaka’s 2012 Nobel Prize and the radical change in orthopedic strategy thanks to his discovery of iPS cells

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Professor Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He discovered that mature cells can be reprogrammed to induce pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can differentiate into any type of cell by introducing 4 reprogramming factors (c-Myc, Klf4, Oct3/4, and Sox2). Dr Yamanaka started his medical career as an orthopedic surgeon in 1987 after graduating from Kobe university. The inspiration for his choice of study and career as an orthopedic surgeon came from numerous fractures and dislocations experienced by both himself and his friends during high school and university judo and rugby playing, and also the treatment given by skilled doctors.

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