Study of isotachophoretic separation behaviour of metal cations by means of particle-induced X-ray emission

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Abstract Twenty metal ions were separated isotachophoretically and the zones were fractionated and analysed off-line by particle X-ray emission (PIXE). The recovery, migration order and separation efficiency were studied in relation to the use of a complexing agent, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIB). The migration order using the WNH 4 Ac system [aqueous solution (W) of NH 4 + as the leading ion and acetate (Ac) ion as the pH-buffering counter ion, pH = 4.8] was Ba, Sr, Ca, Na, Mg, (Mn, Fe II , Co), Ni, Zn, La, Ce, Cd, Y, Li, Lu, Gd, (Cu, Pb) and (Zr IV O, Fe III ). The order using the WNH 4 Ac—HIB system was Ba, Sr, Ca, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe II , Cd, Co, Li, Ni, Zn, La, Pb, Ce, Gd, Cu, Y, Zr IV O, Lu. The recovery of the metal cations was 100% with both electrolyte systems, except for Fe II and Zr IV O. The low recoveryu of Zr IV O was due to hydroxyl complex formation and that of Fe II to hydroxyl complex formation of Fe III , the oxidation product of Fe II . For these ions, the recovery with the WNH 4 Ac—HIB system was lower than that with the WNH 4 Ac system.

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