Analysis of Optimal Outphasing Load Trajectories for GaN PAs

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This paper presents an analysis of the optimal $Z_{\text{f}_{0}}$ load trajectories of saturated GaN PAs through $Z_{\text{f}_{0}}$ and $Z_{2\text{f}_{0}}$ load-pull measurements under constant input power on a 900 MHz 10 W PA. It is shown that a DE $> \pmb{50\%}$ at 10 dB back-off can be obtained for a range of 160° of $\angle Z_{2\text{f}_{0}}$ when $Z_{\text{f}_{0}}$ is set to its optimal point. The black box combiner design equations are used as a tool to determine the complete outphasing load trajectories for outphasing systems designed for different back-off levels and extract drain efficiency performance for a range of $\angle Z_{2\text{f}_{0}}$ terminations. When the suboptimal outphasing load trajectories are considered, $Z_{2\text{f}_{0}}$ is demonstrated to have a greater impact compared to the case $Z_{\text{f}_{0}}$ follows the optimal load trajectories.

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