Revisiting metastable cosmic string breaking

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<jats:title>A<jats:sc>bstract</jats:sc> </jats:title> <jats:p>Metastable cosmic strings appear in models of new physics with a two-step symmetry breaking <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> → <jats:italic>H</jats:italic> → 1, where <jats:italic>π</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub>(<jats:italic>H</jats:italic>) ≠ 0 and <jats:italic>π</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub>(<jats:italic>G</jats:italic>) = 0. They decay via the monopole-antimonopole pair creation inside. Conventionally, the breaking rate has been estimated by an infinitely thin string approximation, which requires a large hierarchy between the symmetry breaking scales. In this paper, we reexamine it by taking into account the finite sizes of both the cosmic string and the monopole. We obtain a robust lower limit on the tunneling factor <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$$ {e}^{-{S}_B} $$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> even for regimes the conventional estimate is unreliable. In particular, it is relevant to the cosmic string interpretation of the gravitational wave signals recently reported by pulsar timing array experiments.</jats:p>

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