Proton-neutron interactions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>≈</mml:mi><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math>nuclei

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Proton-neutron $(p\ensuremath{-}n)$ interactions and their various aspects in $N\ensuremath{\approx}Z$ nuclei of ${g}_{9/2}$ and ${f}_{7/2}$ subshells are studied using a schematic model interaction with four force parameters proposed recently. It is shown that the model interaction reproduces well observed physical quantities: the double differences of binding energies, symmetry energy, Wigner energy, odd-even mass difference, and separation energy, which testifies to the reliability of the model interaction and its $p\ensuremath{-}n$ interactions. First of all, the double differences of binding energies are used for probing the $p\ensuremath{-}n$ interactions. The analysis reveals different contributions of the isoscalar and isovector $p\ensuremath{-}n$ pairing interactions to two types of double differences of binding energies, and also indicates the importance of a unique form of isoscalar $p\ensuremath{-}n$ pairing force with all J components. Next, it is shown that this p-n force is closely related to the symmetry energy and the Wigner energy. Other calculations demonstrate the significant roles of $p\ensuremath{-}n$ interactions in the odd-even mass difference and in the separation energy at $N=Z$.

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