Searching for 4$��$ linear-chain structure in excited states of $^{16}$O with a covariant density functional theory

A study of 4$��$ linear-chain structure in high-lying collective excitation states of $^{16}$O with a covariant density functional theory is presented. The low-spin states are obtained by configuration mixing of particle-number and angular-momentum projected quadrupole deformed mean-field states with generator coordinate method. The high-spin states are determined by cranking calculations. These two calculations are based on the same energy density functional PC-PK1. We have found a rotational band at low-spin with the dominated intrinsic configuration considered to be the one that 4$��$ clusters stay along a common axis. The strongly deformed rod shape also appears in the high-spin region with the angular momentum $13-18\hbar$; however whether the state is pure $4��$ linear chain or not is less obvious than that in the low-spin states.

10 pages with 11 figures and 3 tables