Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants leading to the emergence of BQ.1.1 variant

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  • Ito, Jumpei
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Suzuki, Rigel
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Uriu, Keiya
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
  • Itakura, Yukari
    Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Zahradnik, Jiri
    Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science First Medical Faculty at Biocev, Charles University
  • Terakado Kimura, Kanako
    Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
  • Deguchi, Sayaka
    Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University
  • Wang, Lei
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University
  • Lytras, Spyros
    Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research
  • Tamura, Tomokazu
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Kida, Izumi
    Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research
  • Nasser, Hesham
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University
  • Shofa, Maya
    Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki
  • Begum, Mst Monira
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University
  • Tsuda, Masumi
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University
  • Oda, Yoshitaka
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Suzuki, Tateki
    Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
  • Sasaki, Jiei
    Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
  • Sasaki-Tabata, Kaori
    Department of Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Fujita, Shigeru
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
  • Yoshimatsu, Kumiko
    Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Ito, Hayato
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Nao, Naganori
    Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development: HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University
  • Asakura, Hiroyuki
    Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Nagashima, Mami
    Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Sadamasu, Kenji
    Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Yoshimura, Kazuhisa
    Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Yamamoto, Yuki
    HiLung, Inc
  • Kuramochi, Jin
    Interpark Kuramochi Clinic Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
  • Schreiber, Gideon
    Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science
  • Suzuki, Saori
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Kato, Marie
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Ferdous, Zannatul
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Mouri, Hiromi
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Shishido, Kenji
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
  • Misawa, Naoko
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Kimura, Izumi
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Kosugi, Yusuke
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Lin, Pan
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Suganami, Mai
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Chiba, Mika
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Yoshimura, Ryo
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Yasuda, Kyoko
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Iida, Keiko
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Ohsumi, Naomi
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Strange, Adam P.
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
  • Sauter, Daniel
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo University Hospital Tübingen
  • Nakagawa, So
    Tokai University School of Medicine
  • Wu, Jiaqi
    Tokai University School of Medicine
  • Watanabe, Yukio
    Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University
  • Sakamoto, Ayaka
    Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University
  • Yasuhara, Naoko
    Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University
  • Nakajima, Yukari
    Kyoto University
  • Yajima, Hisano
    Kyoto University
  • Shirakawa, Kotaro
    Kyoto University
  • Takaori-Kondo, Akifumi
    Kyoto University
  • Nagata, Kayoko
    Kyoto University
  • Kazuma, Yasuhiro
    Kyoto University
  • Nomura, Ryosuke
    Kyoto University
  • Horisawa, Yoshihito
    Kyoto University
  • Tashiro, Yusuke
    Kyoto University
  • Kawa, Yugo
    Kyoto University
  • Irie, Takashi
    Hiroshima University
  • Kawabata, Ryoko
    Hiroshima University
  • Shimizu, Ryo
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University
  • Takahashi, Otowa
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University
  • Ichihara, Kimiko
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University
  • Motozono, Chihiro
    Kumamoto University
  • Toyoda, Mako
    Kumamoto University
  • Ueno, Takamasa
    Kumamoto University
  • Shibatani, Yuki
    Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
  • Nishiuchi, Tomoko
    Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
  • Saito, Akatsuki
    Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki
  • Matsuno, Keita
    Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research Institute for Vaccine Research and Development: HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
  • Takayama, Kazuo
    Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
  • Hashiguchi, Takao
    Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
  • Tanaka, Shinya
    Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University
  • Fukuhara, Takasuke
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
  • Ikeda, Terumasa
    Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University
  • Sato, Kei
    Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency

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  • Convergent evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants leading to the emergence of BQ.1.1 variant

Description

In late 2022, various Omicron subvariants emerged and cocirculated worldwide. These variants convergently acquired amino acid substitutions at critical residues in the spike protein, including residues R346, K444, L452, N460, and F486. Here, we characterize the convergent evolution of Omicron subvariants and the properties of one recent lineage of concern, BQ.1.1. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that these five substitutions are recurrently acquired, particularly in younger Omicron lineages. Epidemic dynamics modelling suggests that the five substitutions increase viral fitness, and a large proportion of the fitness variation within Omicron lineages can be explained by these substitutions. Compared to BA.5, BQ.1.1 evades breakthrough BA.2 and BA.5 infection sera more efficiently, as demonstrated by neutralization assays. The pathogenicity of BQ.1.1 in hamsters is lower than that of BA.5. Our multiscale investigations illuminate the evolutionary rules governing the convergent evolution for known Omicron lineages as of 2022.

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