Alternative Activation of Macrophages: An Immunologic Functional Perspective

DOI Web Site 被引用文献76件
  • Fernando O. Martinez
    Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom;,
  • Laura Helming
    Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
  • Siamon Gordon
    Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom;,

書誌事項

公開日
2009-04-01
DOI
  • 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132532
公開者
Annual Reviews

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説明

<jats:p>Macrophages are innate immune cells with well-established roles in the primary response to pathogens, but also in tissue homeostasis, coordination of the adaptive immune response, inflammation, resolution, and repair. These cells recognize danger signals through receptors capable of inducing specialized activation programs. The classically known macrophage activation is induced by IFN-γ, which triggers a harsh proinflammatory response that is required to kill intracellular pathogens. Macrophages also undergo alternative activation by IL-4 and IL-13, which trigger a different phenotype that is important for the immune response to parasites. Here we review the cellular sources of these cytokines, receptor signaling pathways, and induced markers and gene signatures. We draw attention to discrepancies found between mouse and human models of alternative activation. The evidence for in vivo alternative activation of macrophages is also analyzed, with nematode infection as prototypic disease. Finally, we revisit the concept of macrophage activation in the context of the immune response.</jats:p>

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