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- Christiane Voigt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
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- Jochen Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
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- Andreas Kohlmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
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- Peter Zink
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
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- Konrad Mauersberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
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- Niels Larsen
- Division of Middle Atmosphere Research, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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- Terry Deshler
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Post Office Box 3038, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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- Chris Kröger
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Post Office Box 3038, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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- Jim Rosen
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Post Office Box 3038, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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- Alberto Adriani
- CNR-Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
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- Francesco Cairo
- CNR-Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
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- Guido Di Donfrancesco
- CNR-Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
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- Maurizio Viterbini
- CNR-Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
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- Joelle Ovarlez
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique du CNRS, École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
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- Henri Ovarlez
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique du CNRS, École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
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- Christine David
- Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France.
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- Andreas Dörnbrack
- DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, D-82234 Wessling, Germany.
説明
<jats:p>A comprehensive investigation of polar stratospheric clouds was performed on 25 January 2000 with instruments onboard a balloon gondola flown from Kiruna, Sweden. Cloud layers were repeatedly encountered at altitudes between 20 and 24 kilometers over a wide range of atmospheric temperatures (185 to 197 kelvin). Particle composition analysis showed that a large fraction of the cloud layers was composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, containing water and nitric acid at a molar ratio of 3:1; this confirmed that these long-sought solid crystals exist well above ice formation temperatures. The presence of NAT particles enhances the potential for chlorine activation with subsequent ozone destruction in polar regions, particularly in early and late winter.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Science
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Science 290 (5497), 1756-1758, 2000-12
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)