A new source of the midlatitude ionospheric peak density structure revealed by a new Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere model

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  • Naomi Maruyama
    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
  • Yang‐Yi Sun
    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
  • Phillip G. Richards
    Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason University Fairfax Virginia USA
  • Jacques Middlecoff
    Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
  • Tzu‐Wei Fang
    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
  • Timothy J. Fuller‐Rowell
    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
  • Rashid A. Akmaev
    Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder Colorado USA
  • Jaun‐Yeng Liu
    Institute of Space Science National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
  • Cesar E. Valladares
    Institute for Scientific Research Boston College Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA

書誌事項

公開日
2016-03-28
権利情報
  • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
DOI
  • 10.1002/2015gl067312
公開者
American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The newly developed Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere (IP) model has revealed neutral winds as a primary source of the “third‐peak” density structure in the daytime global ionosphere that has been observed by the low‐latitude ionospheric sensor network GPS total electron content measurements over South America. This third peak is located near −30° magnetic latitude and is clearly separate from the conventional twin equatorial ionization anomaly peaks. The IP model reproduces the global electron density structure as observed by the FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC mission. The model reveals that the third peak is mainly created by the prevailing neutral meridional wind, which flows from the summer hemisphere to the winter hemisphere lifting the plasma along magnetic field lines to higher altitudes where recombination is slower. The same prevailing wind that increases the midlatitude density decreases the low‐latitude density in the summer hemisphere by counteracting the equatorial fountain flow. The longitudinal variation of the three‐peak structure is explained by the displacement between the geographic and geomagnetic equators.</jats:p>

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