On the Little‐Known Consequences of the 4 August 1972 Ultra‐Fast Coronal Mass Ejecta: Facts, Commentary, and Call to Action
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- Delores J. Knipp
- Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
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- Brian J. Fraser
- Centre for Space Physics University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
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- M. A. Shea
- Retired from Air Force Research Laboratory
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- D. F. Smart
- Retired from Air Force Research Laboratory
書誌事項
- 公開日
- 2018-11
- 権利情報
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- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
- DOI
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- 10.1029/2018sw002024
- 公開者
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
この論文をさがす
説明
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Today the extreme space weather events of early August 1972 are discussed as benchmarks for Sun‐Earth transit times of solar ejecta (14.6 hr) and for solar energetic particle fluxes (10 MeV ion flux >70,000 cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>·s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>·sr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). Although the magnetic storm index, Dst, dipped to only −125 nT, the magnetopause was observed within 5.2 R<jats:sub>E</jats:sub> and the plasmapause within 2 R<jats:sub>E</jats:sub>. Widespread electric‐ and communication‐grid disturbances plagued North America late on 4 August. There was an additional effect, long buried in the Vietnam War archives that add credence to the severity of the storm impact: a nearly instantaneous, unintended detonation of dozens of sea mines south of Hai Phong, North Vietnam on 4 August 1972. The U.S. Navy attributed the dramatic event to <jats:italic>magnetic perturbations of solar storms</jats:italic>. Herein we discuss how such a finding is broadly consistent with terrestrial effects and technological impacts of the 4 August 1972 event and the propagation of major eruptive activity from the Sun to the Earth. We also provide insight into the solar, geophysical, and military circumstances of this extraordinary situation. In our view this storm deserves a scientific revisit as a grand challenge for the space weather community, as it provides space‐age terrestrial observations of what was likely a Carrington‐class storm.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Space Weather
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Space Weather 16 (11), 1635-1643, 2018-11
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
