Seasonal Variability of Neutral Escape from Mars as Derived From MAVEN Pickup Ion Observations

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  • A. Rahmati
    Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA
  • D. E. Larson
    Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA
  • T. E. Cravens
    Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
  • R. J. Lillis
    Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA
  • J. S. Halekas
    Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
  • J. P. McFadden
    Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA
  • D. L. Mitchell
    Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA
  • E. M. B. Thiemann
    Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
  • J. E. P. Connerney
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
  • P. A. Dunn
    Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA
  • C. O. Lee
    Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA
  • F. G. Eparvier
    Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
  • G. A. DiBraccio
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
  • J. R. Espley
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
  • J. G. Luhmann
    Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA
  • C. Mazelle
    IRAP/CNRS Toulouse France
  • B. M. Jakosky
    Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO USA

書誌事項

公開日
2018-05
権利情報
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
DOI
  • 10.1029/2018je005560
公開者
American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft arrived at Mars with the goal of determining the rates and mechanisms of atmospheric escape. Thermal hydrogen and hot oxygen escape are the two most important escape processes currently at work. Direct measurement of the escaping neutral hydrogen and oxygen atoms is impossible with current technology due to the low density and energy of escaping neutrals. However, when ionized and picked up by the solar wind, these escaping atoms can be detected by three particle detectors onboard MAVEN. By back‐tracing the trajectories of measured pickup ions, constraints can be placed on the density of neutrals at altitudes not accessible by other measurement methods. In this work, pickup H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> data from the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP), Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA), and SupraThermal and Thermal Ion Composition (STATIC) instruments are used to assess the variability of neutral H and O exospheres at Mars. From an analysis of 2.5 Earth years of MAVEN data, we show that a strong H escape seasonal dependence is observed by SWIA and STATIC with inferred H escape rates as low as 3 × 10<jats:sup>25</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> near aphelion and as high as 4 × 10<jats:sup>26</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> near perihelion. Hot O escape rates derived from SEP, SWIA, and STATIC data imply a much less variable hot O exosphere with escape rates fluctuating by a factor of 2 around a mean value of 9 × 10<jats:sup>25</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Both escape rates are in general agreement with the most recent theoretical, modeled, and observationally inferred rates.</jats:p>

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