A Review of Ice Particle Shapes in Cirrus formed In Situ and in Anvils

DOI Web Site Web Site Web Site Web Site 被引用文献5件
  • R. P. Lawson
    Stratton Park Engineering Company, Inc. Boulder CO USA
  • S. Woods
    Stratton Park Engineering Company, Inc. Boulder CO USA
  • E. Jensen
    NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA USA
  • E. Erfani
    Desert Research Institute Reno NV USA
  • C. Gurganus
    Stratton Park Engineering Company, Inc. Boulder CO USA
  • M. Gallagher
    University of Manchester Manchester UK
  • P. Connolly
    University of Manchester Manchester UK
  • J. Whiteway
    Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science York University Toronto Ontario Canada
  • A. J. Baran
    Met Office Exeter UK
  • P. May
    Australian Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Victoria Australia
  • A. Heymsfield
    National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
  • C. G. Schmitt
    National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
  • G. McFarquhar
    Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
  • J. Um
    Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences Pusan National University Busan South Korea
  • A. Protat
    Australian Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Victoria Australia
  • M. Bailey
    Desert Research Institute Reno NV USA
  • S. Lance
    Atmospheric Sciences Research Center University at Albany Albany NY USA
  • A. Muehlbauer
    FM Global Research Norwood MA USA
  • J. Stith
    National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
  • A. Korolev
    Environment Canada Toronto Ontario Canada
  • O. B. Toon
    Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
  • M. Krämer
    Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany

書誌事項

公開日
2019-09
権利情報
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
DOI
  • 10.1029/2018jd030122
公開者
American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Results from 22 airborne field campaigns, including more than 10 million high‐resolution particle images collected in cirrus formed in situ and in convective anvils, are interpreted in terms of particle shapes and their potential impact on radiative transfer. Emphasis is placed on characterizing ice particle shapes in tropical maritime and midlatitude continental anvil cirrus, as well as in cirrus formed in situ in the upper troposphere, and subvisible cirrus in the upper tropical troposphere layer. There is a distinctive difference in cirrus ice particle shapes formed in situ compared to those in anvils that are generated in close proximity to convection. More than half the mass in cirrus formed in situ are rosette shapes (polycrystals and bullet rosettes). Cirrus formed from fresh convective anvils is mostly devoid of rosette‐shaped particles. However, small frozen drops may experience regrowth downwind of an aged anvil in a regime with <jats:italic>RH</jats:italic><jats:sub>ice</jats:sub> > ~120% and then grow into rosette shapes. Identifiable particle shapes in tropical maritime anvils that have not been impacted by continental influences typically contain mostly single plate‐like and columnar crystals and aggregates. Midlatitude continental anvils contain single‐rimed particles, more and larger aggregates with riming, and chains of small ice particles when in a highly electrified environment. The particles in subvisible cirrus are < ~100 μm and quasi‐spherical with some plates and rare trigonal shapes. Percentages of particle shapes and power laws relating mean particle area and mass to dimension are provided to improve parameterization of remote retrievals and numerical simulations.</jats:p>

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