Reactivity of an antivenom against the red-back spider, Latrodectus hasseltii, to venom proteins of two other species of Latrodectus introduced to Japan

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  • KOBAYASHI Mutsuo
    Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • SASAKI Toshinori
    Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • YOSHIDA Masahiro
    Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health
  • MUTO Atsuhiko
    Department of Environmental Biology, Japan Environmental Sanitation Center
  • AGUI Noriaki
    Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases

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  • 我が国に分布する他 2 種のゴケグモ毒腺タンパク質に対するセアカゴケグモ抗毒血清の反応性

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Abstract

In 1995 red-back spiders, Latrodectus hasseltii were first collected in Osaka Prefecture and detailed field survey showed that two other species of widow spiders, L. geometricus and Latrodectus sp., also distributed in several areas of Japan. The bite of Latrodectus. sp. was reported to cause severe latrodectism to a man in Yeyama Islands ca 40 years ago. The antivenom produced with the venom extract of red-back spiders in Australia was stocked at Tokyo, Mie, Osaka and Okinawa Prefectures for accidental bites of widow spiders. Meanwhile, it was not known whether IgG antibodies in the antivenom can bind to the venom proteins of L. geometricus and Latrodectus sp. Thus, venom proteins from three species of widow spiders were separated and immunoblot analysis was carried out to know the binding specificity of the antivenom. Horse IgG antibodies strongly bound to the bands corresponding to α-latrotoxin in the venom gland extract of red-back spiders and moderately in the bands of brown widow spiders. The protein pattern of the venom gland extract in Latrodectus sp. is slightly different from the pattern of the two other species. The binding of the antivenom to the protein bands of Latrodectus sp. seemed to be similar to that of red-back spiders. Based on the obtained results, it is possible that the antivenom can be used for persons who are bitten accidentally by Latrodectus sp. or brown widow spiders.

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