Effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin E Supplements on Periodontal Disease in Smokers

NAGATA Hideki, OJIMA Miki, SHIZUKUISHI Satoshi, TAKEMURA Akane, HINODE Daisuke, FUKUI Makoto, NAKAMURA Ryo

doi:10.5834/jdh.53.5_544

Smoking habit has been reported as a risk factor for periodontal disease and low vitamin C intake has been associated with periodontal status. In this randomized controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy of dietary supplementation with antioxidative vitamins, vitamins C and E, on suppression of the progression of periodontal disease in smokers. A total of 65 patients who were current smokers were randomly assigned to one of the following groups : 1) VC (1,000 mg/day) ; 2) VE (135 mg/day) ; 3) combination of VC and VE ; 4) placebo. Plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD) and cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (I CTP) from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a biomarker of periodontal disease, were measured at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks following the start of supplementation. CAL and PD in VC, VE and the combination groups showed significant improvements during this trial comparing with the placebo group (p<0.05). Furthermore, in the combination group, the rate of GCF samples in which I CTP was decreased or maintained was significantly greater than that in the placebo group at 24 weeks (p<0.05). On the other hand, VC levels in blood samples from VC and the combination groups (p<0.01) and VE levels from VE and the combination groups significantly rose from each level at baseline (p<0.05). These results suggest that supplements of VC and VE may maintain the periodontal health status in smokers by controlling oxidative status and other mechanisms.

Effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin E Supplements on Periodontal Disease in Smokers

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