Chemical Composition of Lipids in Freeze-Dried Tubers of Chinese Yam Harvested in Hokkaido and Their Growth Inhibition of Human Colon Cancer Cells

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  • Yamazaki Tamiko
    Obihiro Otani Junior College The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
  • Arai Katsuhito
    The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
  • Matsushita Yoko
    Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
  • Tokuji Yoshihiko
    The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
  • Kawahara Mika
    Hokkido Tokachi Regional Food Processing Technology Center
  • Ohba Kiyoshi
    Hokkido Tokachi Regional Food Processing Technology Center
  • Kinoshita Mikio
    The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
  • Ohnishi Masao
    The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

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  • 北海道産ナガイモ凍結乾燥物の脂質の組成およびヒト結腸がん細胞増殖抑制作用
  • ホッカイドウサン ナガイモ トウケツ カンソウブツ ノ シシツ ノ ソセイ オヨビ ヒト ケッチョウ ガン サイボウ ゾウショク ヨクセイ サヨウ

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Abstract

In the present study, we report on the lipid classes, including fat-soluble antioxidants, and fatty acid and sterol profiles of freeze-dried Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb., nagaimo) tubers harvested in Hokkaido. The effect of the unsaponifiables on human colon cancer Caco-2 cells was also examined. In addition to acylglycerols and free fatty acids, five glycolipids, four phospholipids and two neutral sterol lipids were found in the tubers, which had, in general, a low lipid content (0.4%). However, diosgenin, a steroidal saponin with various physiological functions, was not detected. The major lipid classes were phosphatidic acid, diglycosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. In relation to components showing DPPH-radical scavenging activity, α-, β- and γ- tocopherols were detected; the total amount was approximately 2μg/100g. At least 17 fatty acids were identified. Among these, linoleic, palmitic and α-linolenic acids were predominant, with significant amounts of oleic and cis-vaccenic acids. The unsaturation index of the fatty acid constituents in the major lipid classes was high in glyceroglycolipids and low in phosphatidylinositol and acyl sterylglycoside, the same tendency as found in potato tuber lipids. The principal sterol components were usually sitosterol and campesterol. Chinese yam unsaponifiables exhibited a growth-inhibitory effect against Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and the active principle was confirmed to be mainly sitosterol. It was also suggested that the unsaponifiables induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells.

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