Effect of Soil Moisture Regime on Soybean Rhizosphere Activities in Heavy Clay Upland Field Converted from Paddy Field

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  • 重粘土転換畑における土壌水分環境がダイズの根圏活性に及ぼす影響
  • ジュウ ネンド テンカンバタ ニ オケル ドジョウ スイブン カンキョウ ガ ダイズ ノ コンケン カッセイ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

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Abstract

We investigated the effect of soil moisture in heavy soils of upland fields (UF) and upland fields converted from paddy fields (UCPF) on soybean rhizosphere activities. The soybean rhizosphere activities were based on the nitrogen fixation activity and nitrogen absorption activity by analysis of ureides, nitrate and amino acids in the xylem sap. The oxidized soil layer in the UCPF was thicker than that in the UF. At a 40 cm depth in the UCPF, soil structure developed a little. The soil-moisture below a depth of 20 cm after rainfall in the UCPF was greater than that in the UF. The dryness was progressing to the subsoil in the UF compared with that in the UCPF. The daily range of soil moisture tension at a 10 cm depth in the UCPF was low compared with that in the UF. The soil moisture in the UF increased in nighttime and decreased in daytime. Soil monoliths, 30 cm in width, 5 cm in thickness and 30 cm in depth, were sampled for root length density. Soybean in the UCPF had a smaller root length density of 0-20 cm in the depth layer than that in the UF. The nitrogen fixation activity and nitrogen absorption activity at the flowering time in the UCPF were remarkably lower in the UF. Seed yield in the UCPF was 1-2% smaller than that in the UF. The higher yield in the UF was mainly due to the increase in the 100-seed weight.

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