Presence of a Haloarchaeal Halorhodopsin-Like Cl<sup>−</sup> Pump in Marine Bacteria

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  • Nakajima Yu
    Atmosphere and Ocean research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo
  • Tsukamoto Takashi
    Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
  • Kumagai Yohei
    Atmosphere and Ocean research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo
  • Ogura Yoshitoshi
    Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Hayashi Tetsuya
    Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Song Jaeho
    Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University
  • Kikukawa Takashi
    Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University
  • Demura Makoto
    Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University
  • Kogure Kazuhiro
    Atmosphere and Ocean research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo
  • Sudo Yuki
    Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
  • Yoshizawa Susumu
    Atmosphere and Ocean research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo

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Other Title
  • Presence of a Haloarchaeal Halorhodopsin-Like Cl⁻ Pump in Marine Bacteria
  • Presence of a Haloarchaeal Halorhodopsin-Like Cl
  • Presence of a haloarchaeal halorhodopsin-like Cl- pump in marine bacteria

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Description

<p>Light-driven ion-pumping rhodopsins are widely distributed among bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes in the euphotic zone of the aquatic environment. H+-pumping rhodopsin (proteorhodopsin: PR), Na+-pumping rhodopsin (NaR), and Cl−-pumping rhodopsin (ClR) have been found in marine bacteria, which suggests that these genes evolved independently in the ocean. Putative microbial rhodopsin genes were identified in the genome sequences of marine Cytophagia. In the present study, one of these genes was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli cells and the rhodopsin protein named Rubricoccus marinus halorhodopsin (RmHR) was identified as a light-driven inward Cl− pump. Spectroscopic assays showed that the estimated dissociation constant (Kd,int.) of this rhodopsin was similar to that of haloarchaeal halorhodopsin (HR), while the Cl−-transporting photoreaction mechanism of this rhodopsin was similar to that of HR, but different to that of the already-known marine bacterial ClR. This amino acid sequence similarity also suggested that this rhodopsin is similar to haloarchaeal HR and cyanobacterial HRs (e.g., SyHR and MrHR). Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis revealed that retinal biosynthesis pathway genes (blh and crtY) belong to a phylogenetic lineage of haloarchaea, indicating that these marine Cytophagia acquired rhodopsin-related genes from haloarchaea by lateral gene transfer. Based on these results, we concluded that inward Cl−-pumping rhodopsin is present in genera of the class Cytophagia and may have the same evolutionary origins as haloarchaeal HR.</p>

Journal

  • Microbes and Environments

    Microbes and Environments 33 (1), 89-97, 2018

    Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

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