<I>Artificial light environment and eye lesion</I>

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  • OISHI T
    Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University
  • MORIYASU N
    Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University
  • MASUDA A
    Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University
  • NAKANE Y
    Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Osaka Prefecture University
  • TSUDZUKI M
    Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University

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Other Title
  • 人工光環境と眼障害
  • ジンコウコウ カンキョウ ト ガン ショウガイ

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The eye is known as an important photoreceptor. Development of the molecular biological studies on photoreception is most advanced among studies on senses. The eye has to receive light for vision and various physiological functions. However, light is harmfull to living organisms and induces various hazards. Here, we will review the effects of light on the eye, especially the effects of artificial light. The importance of artificial light is increasing in our every day lives. We will also introduce the results obtained in our laboratory using birds as a material. Retinal melatonin, corneal mitotic rate and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were investigated in experiments manipulating the ocular physiology by treatments with eye-lid suture, which is known to induce eye enlargement and bulgy cornea, and also in silver mutant quail which have a pigment free area in the center of the retina where the neural retinal layer is doubled. The birds were reared under LD cycles (LD 12: 12) and DD (constant darkness) . Radio immunoassay (RIA) of melatonin: Retinas were homogenized in 1 ml of phosphate buffer solultion (PBS) and centrifuged for 20 min and the supernatant was used. Retinal melatonin levels were measured directly by a double antibody RIA. Corneal mitotic rate: Corneas were stained with Meyer's hematoxylin and the number of mitotic cells per 4, 000 cells was counted in 6 different areas with a Nomarski differential interference light microscope. Immunoassay of bFGF: Retinas taken from the eye were homogenized in PBS and centrifuged for 20 min and the supernatant was used. Quantikine kits (R & D systems) were used to measure bFGF. In lid-sutured quail, (1) corneal mitotic rates were high in darkness and low in light in control eyes, but an increase in mitotic rate in the sutured eyes was induced during the light period, (2) since retinal melatonin levels of sutured eyes were similar to those of control eyes, the corneal mitotic rhythm does not seem to have a relation to retinal melatonin, (3) since retinal bFGF levels of sutured eyes were similar to those of control eyes, bFGF does not seem to have a relation to ocular enlargement. In silver mutant quail, (1) the eye weight was significantly greater than that in normal quail, (2) retinal melatonin and corneal mitotic rate were high in darkness and low in light, and therefore, the retina has the ability to perceive light, and (3) since the retinal bFGF levels were almost similar to those in normal quail, bFGF does not seem to be involved in the eye enlargement. The results were discussed in relation to eye-enlargement and myopia.

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