Efficacy of Intradermal Regimen Using Japanese Rabies Vaccine for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

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  • SHIOTA Seiji
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and <sup>３）</sup>Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Oita University
  • AHMED Kamruddin
    Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Scientific Research, Oita University
  • MIFUNE Kumato
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
  • NISHIZONO Akira
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Scientific Research, Oita University

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • 日本製狂犬病ワクチン皮内接種法による曝露前免疫の有効性の検討
  • ニホンセイ キョウケンビョウ ワクチン ヒ ナイセッシュホウ ニ ヨル バクロ ゼン メンエキ ノ ユウコウセイ ノ ケントウ

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In Japan, only one vaccine is commercially available for rabies (Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Institute (Kaketsuken), Kumamoto, Japan). It is a tissue-cultured inactivated vaccine made using purified chick embryo cells (PCEC-K) and administered subcutaneously using a schedule differing from that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The current regimen of pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies in Japan consists of three subcutaneous administrations of PCEC-K vaccine at 0, 28, and 180 days, requiring 6 months to complete. With the exception of a few imported cases, Japan is rabies-free and rabies vaccine production is small. Globalization should trigger rabies re-emergence in Japan, however, we would have to determine whether PCEC-K vaccine is effective through intradermal administration following the WHO-recommended regimen. In a study of 50 healthy volunteers without a history of rabies vaccination and all of whom provided, PCEC-K vaccine (0.1mL, 2 sites) was administered intradermal by on days 0, 7, and 28, and the viral neutralizing antibody level (VNA) against rabies virus was tested using the rapid fluorescent focus-inhibiting test (RFFIT) on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 84, and 208. On day 42, all individuals showed adequate VNA (GMT : 3.21IU/mL), maintained for 84 days. VNA acquisition differed slightly with the PCEC-K vaccine lot and local adverse effects were minor. The intradermal PCEC-K regimen was found to be safe and effective in inducing adequate VNA using a smaller amount of vaccine within a shorter period.

Journal

  • Kansenshogaku Zasshi

    Kansenshogaku Zasshi 84 (1), 9-13, 2010

    The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases

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