でんぷん粒の酵素分解

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  • 不破 英次
    大阪市立大学生活科学部食物学科食品化学研究室

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Digestion of Various Starch Granules by Amylase
  • デンプンリュウ ニ コウソ ブンカイ ニカンスルケンキュウ ショウワ 52ネン

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抄録

We confirmed that starch granules of potato, Chinese yam (tubers of Dioscorea batatas Decne), banana (Musa cavendish L.), lily (bulbs of Lilium spp.), gingko (seeds of Ginko biloba L.), high-amylose maize, East Indian lotus (tubers of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), Japanese chestnut (seeds of Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.), kuzu (Japanese arrowroot, Pueraria lobata Ohwi), sweet potato were respectively in decreasing order more resistant to the attack of pancreatin than were those of normal maize, wheat, rice, red maize (Maize morado), and taro (roots of Colocasia antiquorum Schott). Among endosperm mutants of maize (Zea mays L.), starch granules of amylose-extender mutant were much more resistant to the action of amylases than were those of the normal counterpart. Starch granules of sugary-Ji and sugary-2 mutants were digested much faster than those of the normal counterpart by amylases. Starch granules of waxy, shrunken-2 and brittle-2 mutants tended to be digested faster than those of the normal. When opaque-2 was combined with each one of the endosperm mutants, it was observed that the starch granules of the double mutants were digested by amylases to an extent very comparable to their respective nonopaque single-mutant counterpart. The differences among the endosperm mutants in susceptibility of starch granules to the action of amylases disappeared following gelatinization of starch granules with alkali. Observations under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that starch granules resistant to the action of amylase showed after the action of amylases shapes and surfaces similar to the intact granules. On the other hand, starch granules susceptible to amylase showed numerous pin holes on the surface layer and the pores penetrated into the inner layers of the granule during the attack with amylases. For some of the granules the inner portion which appeared to be terraced or step-shaped could be seen. This may be indicative of layered or stratified internal structures of the granules. The other characteristic observations by SEM were striated structures on the surfaces of starch granules attacked by amylase, for example those of banana, lotus and lily.

収録刊行物

  • 澱粉科学

    澱粉科学 24 (4), 128-140, 1977

    日本応用糖質科学会

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